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| Lesson 3: A Further Look at
the Content of Concrete Age: Grades 7-12 Subjects: Science Skills: Proportions, evaluation, listing, observation, reading, reporting Duration: 45 minutes with an overnight break Setting: Laboratory or classroom Key Vocabulary: Aggregate, paste, volume, Mortar, particles Objective Students will learn about proportioning concrete mixes. Method Leave a very wet concrete mix and mortar mix in a jar overnight to see how concrete particles layer from heavy to lightweight. Background Paste, or mortar, in concrete is composed of portland cement, water and entrapped air or purposely entrained air. Cement paste ordinarily constitutes abut 25% to 40% of the total volume of concrete. Materials Jar, dry concrete mix, water Procedure Students can see proportioning in action by adding 3 to 5 times more water than required to cement and concrete mixes. This will demonstrate how many sizes of particles are needed in a concrete mix. Students will test two mixes: water mixed with concrete mix (cement, small and large aggregate), water, and water mixed with mortar (cement and small aggregate). Place one part concrete mix to five parts water a jar. Shake the mixture and let it set for an hour or overnight. Remove larger sized aggregate from a dry concrete mix (or use a mortar mix) and pour one part of the finer mixture into a jar and add five parts water. Shake the contents and let it settle for an hour or overnight. Measure each layer to calculate the percentage of aggregate of each size in both mixes. Compare the two mixes to understand that different particle sizes play a role in quality concrete and see the difference between concrete and mortar.
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